Which components are included in a balanced scorecard?

A balanced scorecard is a strategic management tool that incorporates multiple perspectives to provide a more comprehensive view of an organization's performance. The correct answer includes four critical components: financial perspective, customer perspective, internal business processes perspective, and learning and growth perspective.

The financial perspective evaluates how well the organization is performing financially, measuring traditional financial metrics such as revenue growth and profitability. The customer perspective focuses on customer satisfaction and retention, aiming to understand the value delivered to customers and how that impacts the organization. The internal business processes perspective assesses the efficiency and effectiveness of internal processes, identifying areas for improvement that can enhance performance and service delivery. Finally, the learning and growth perspective looks at the organization's ability to innovate, improve, and learn, which is essential for long-term success.

By integrating these four perspectives, the balanced scorecard helps organizations align their initiatives, gauge overall performance, and link strategic objectives to day-to-day operations, making it a valuable tool for comprehensive performance management. The other options listed focus on narrower aspects of business activities without encompassing the full scope of the balanced scorecard's purpose.